Ukraine’s losses over three years of full-scale war: figures by industry
24 February 2025 13:49
According to the Ministry of Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine, the number of destroyed facilities in Ukraine as a result of hostilities is expected to increase by 50,000 in 2024. And, as calculated by the Kyiv School of Economics, the total amount of direct damage to Ukraine’s infrastructure as a result of Russia’s full-scale invasion has reached almost $170 billion. Compared to the beginning of 2024, this figure has increased by $12.6 billion, which is the result of further destruction due to missile strikes and hostilities. The World Bank has estimated the cost of restoring Ukraine at $486 billion, and this figure is not final.
According to Oleksiy Kuleba, Vice Prime Minister for Reconstruction and Minister of Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine, at the beginning of 2024, 280,000 destroyed facilities were recorded, but by the end of the year this figure increased to 330,000.
“That is, this terrible dynamics reached 50 thousand objects in a year,”
– said the Deputy Prime Minister.
According to the CSE, the largest losses were incurred in the housing stock, transport infrastructure and energy sector.
Housing sector
As of November 2024, 236,000 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed, of which 209,000 were private houses, 27,000 were apartment buildings, and another 600 were dormitories. Regionally, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Kherson regions suffered the most damage. Direct losses are estimated at $60 billion.
Transportation infrastructure
More than 26 thousand kilometers of highways were damaged and destroyed, which is estimated at $28.3 billion. Losses in rail transport amounted to $4.3 billion, port infrastructure – $0.85 billion, and the aviation industry – $2 billion. Direct losses to private passenger vehicles are estimated at $2.2 billion, with 260,000 cars destroyed or damaged. Total losses amounted to $38.5 billion.
Energy sector
The attacks completely destroyed the Kakhovka and Dnipro hydroelectric power plants, Trypillia and Zmiiv thermal power plants, damaged or destroyed a significant part of the generating capacity, as well as high-voltage substations and oil and gas infrastructure. The damage amounted to $14.6 billion.
Industry, construction and services
As of November 2024, almost half a thousand large and medium-sized private and state-owned enterprises were destroyed or seriously damaged. The losses amounted to $14.4 billion.
The metallurgy sector suffered the most: three large metallurgical enterprises were seized during the war, resulting in a 3.5-fold drop in steel production.
Agricultural sector
More than 130,000 pieces of agricultural machinery were lost, 4 million tons of grain storage facilities and 16,000 hectares of perennial crops were destroyed or damaged. The forestry sector also suffered significant losses: 298 thousand hectares of forests were damaged due to hostilities and fires, with losses estimated at $4.5 billion. Total losses amounted to $10.3 billion.
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Education
Over 4,000 educational institutions, including 229 schools, 110 kindergartens, and 97 universities, have been damaged or destroyed during the full-scale invasion. Damage to the educational infrastructure is estimated at $7.3 billion.
Healthcare facilities
Hospitals, clinics and other medical facilities were hit. A total of 1,554 medical facilities were damaged, including 515 hospitals and 465 outpatient clinics. The healthcare sector lost $4.3 billion.
Cultural heritage, sports and tourist facilities
3,921 cultural sites, 399 religious buildings, and 343 sports complexes were damaged. The damage amounted to $4 billion.
Housing and utilities sector
925 boiler houses, 214 central heating stations, and more than 354 kilometers of heating networks were severely damaged. The housing and utilities sector lost $3.5 billion.
Communications
The digital infrastructure and telecommunications sector suffered direct losses of $1.2 billion.
Recovery
In 2024, the World Bank provided Ukraine with $31.8 billion for recovery and reconstruction, the press service of the Ministry of Finance reports. These funds, in particular, helped finance assistance to low-income families, IDPs, people with disabilities, and families with children, as well as salaries for healthcare, education, emergency services, and civil servants under the PEACE in Ukraine project ($26.3 billion in 2024).
Almost USD 230 million was allocated to support agricultural producers through affordable loans and grants, which allowed to support more than 50,000 farms and 40,000 small farms, and provide affordable financing for 10,000 farmers (ARISE project).
It also provided compensation for small and medium-sized repairs to partially damaged residential buildings for 82,944 households (HOPE project). As part of the Re-PoWER project, contracts worth USD 47 million were signed for the supply of basic heat supply equipment for the city of Kharkiv (13 block-modular boiler houses, 15 cogeneration units, and 10 generators).
Author: Alla Dunina
